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David Rutkowski & Leslie Rutkowski The 2018 cycle of the Programme for International Student Achievement (PISA) featured nearly 80 system-level participants from all continents, excluding Antarctica. Participants include all OECD countries, accounting for most of the wealthiest countries in the...

Sabine Meinck & Agnes Stancel-Piątak For decades, educational researchers have found that children from disadvantaged families often lack access to stimulating learning activities.[1][2] Back in 1995, a famous study called “The early catastrophe. The 30 million words gap” by Hart...

Laura Zieger & John Jerrim PISA measures 15-year-olds achievement scores in mathematics, reading and science and has evolved into a powerful tool in politics, as the scores can be compared across countries and over time. Apart from the scores themselves,...